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Injury Risk Increase

Adverse effect

Injury Risk Increase is an adverse health effect describing a greater likelihood of injury or an accident. It is a risk outcome, not confirmation that an injury has occurred.

See how Injury Risk Increase is framed as a health effect and what readers can learn from its surrounding context.

These are research findings, not promises. Most options have little evidence, and results differ from person to person.

What can cause it

How likely each one is to cause it, most likely first.

  • YogapracticeUnclear

    Based on 5 studies. Strongest study: a randomized controlled trial.

    A randomized trial involving 700 participants found a higher fall rate in the intervention group than in the control group: 0·87 vs 0·64 falls per person-year; incidence rate ratio 1·33. A 2025 systematic review also described musculoskeletal issues.

    Open the Yoga page
  • DancepracticeUnclear

    Based on one study. Strongest study: a pooled analysis of several trials.

    A pooled analysis whose study designs were not recorded identified falls during dance participation.

    Open the Dance page
  • Brisk WalkingpracticeUnclear

    Based on 2 studies. Strongest study: a randomized controlled trial.

    A randomized trial involving 92 people with type 2 diabetes reported a medical event requiring hospitalisation.

    Open the Brisk Walking page
  • Strength TrainingpracticeUnclear

    Based on 2 studies. Strongest study: a one-time survey study.

    In a 2026 cross-sectional study of 66 weight-training athletes, supraspinatus tendinopathy was more prevalent in weight-training athletes.

    Open the Strength Training page
  • Anusara YogapracticeUnclear

    Based on 2 studies.

    Improper alignment, excessive range of motion, falls, or advanced poses can cause musculoskeletal injury, although serious injuries are uncommon. Community members also reported this effect.

    Open the Anusara Yoga page
  • CalisthenicspracticeUnclear

    Based on 2 studies.

    Poor technique, abrupt increases in training volume, and inadequate recovery can contribute to acute or overuse injuries. Some people also report injuries in community discussions.

    Open the Calisthenics page
  • CyclingpracticeUnclear

    Based on 2 studies.

    Outdoor cycling carries a risk of falls and collisions that can cause abrasions, fractures, or head injury; helmets reduce head injury risk.

    Open the Cycling page
  • Hot BathpracticeUnclear

    Based on 2 studies.

    Excessively hot water or prolonged exposure can cause scald injuries. Impaired heat sensation increases this risk.

    Open the Hot Bath page

The expert view shows every study, dose protocol and source.

What can cause it

Interventions reported to bring this on40 listed

Highest probability

  1. PracticesYogaCertaintyLowSourceClinical5 other sources

    A randomized trial involving 700 participants found a higher fall rate in the intervention group than in the control group: 0·87 vs 0·64 falls per person-year; incidence rate ratio 1·33 [95% CI 1·01-1·75; p=0·044]. A 2025 systematic review also described musculoskeletal issues.

    Who was studied

    • People with a condition
    • ADHD
    • Copd
    • Depression
    • Elderly
    • Frailty
    • Hypertension
    • +1 more

    Study result

    Musculoskeletal issues

    Open Yoga
    →
  2. PracticesDanceCertaintyLowSourceClinical1 other source

    A pooled analysis whose study designs were not recorded identified falls during dance participation.

    Who was studied

    • People with a condition

    Study result

    Falls during dance participation

    Open Dance
    →
  3. PracticesBrisk WalkingCertaintyLowSourceClinical2 other sources

    A randomized trial involving 92 people with type 2 diabetes reported a medical event requiring hospitalisation.

    Who was studied

    • People with a condition
    • Diabetes Type2

    Study result

    Medical event requiring hospitalisation

    Open Brisk Walking
    →
  4. PracticesStrength TrainingCertaintyLowSourceClinical2 other sources

    In a 2026 cross-sectional study of 66 weight-training athletes, supraspinatus tendinopathy was more prevalent in weight-training athletes (93.3% vs. 41.2%; OR 17.7, 95% CI 2.16–145.8; FDR-adjusted p = 0.003).

    Who was studied

    • People with a condition

    Study result

    Supraspinatus tendinopathy was more prevalent in weight-training athletes (93.3% vs. 41.2%; OR 17.7, 95% CI 2.16–145.8; FDR-adjusted p = 0.003).

    Open Strength Training
    →
  5. PracticesIV Vitamin DripCertaintyLowSourceClinical1 other source

    A case report described suspected pneumatosis intestinalis and pneumoperitoneum on hospital day 16; surgery found ischemic colitis with perforation, and an extended right hemicolectomy with ileostomy was performed.

    Who was studied

    • People with a condition
    • Hyperlipidemia
    • Hypothyroidism
    • Kidney Disease

    Study result

    On hospital day 16, a CT scan of the abdomen was obtained, which revealed suspected pneumatosis intestinalis and pneumoperitoneum. She was taken to the operating room, where she was found to have ischemic colitis with perforation, and she underwent an extended right hemicolectomy with ileostomy crea

    Open IV Vitamin Drip
    →
  6. PracticesAnusara YogaCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge2 other sources

    Improper alignment, excessive range of motion, falls, or advanced poses can cause musculoskeletal injury, although serious injuries are uncommon. Community members also reported this effect.

    Study result

    Improper alignment, excessive range of motion, falls, or advanced poses can cause musculoskeletal injury, although serious injuries are uncommon.

    Open Anusara Yoga
    →
  7. PracticesCalisthenicsCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge2 other sources

    Poor technique, abrupt increases in training volume, and inadequate recovery can contribute to acute or overuse injuries. Some people also report injuries in community discussions.

    Study result

    Poor technique, abrupt increases in training volume, or inadequate recovery can cause acute or overuse injuries.

    Open Calisthenics
    →
Low probability(33)
  1. PracticesCyclingCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge2 other sources

    Outdoor cycling carries a risk of falls and collisions that can cause abrasions, fractures, or head injury; helmets reduce head injury risk.

    Study result

    Outdoor cycling carries a risk of falls and collisions, causing abrasions, fractures and head injury. Helmets reduce head injury risk.

    Open Cycling
    →
  2. PracticesHot BathCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge2 other sources

    Excessively hot water or prolonged exposure can cause scald injuries. Impaired heat sensation increases this risk.

    Study result

    Excessively hot water or prolonged exposure can cause scald injury; impaired heat sensation increases risk.

    Open Hot Bath
    →
  3. PracticesIce Bath / Cold PlungeCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge2 other sources

    Cold-induced numbness, impaired dexterity and reduced coordination can increase the risk of slips, an unsafe exit or accidental submersion.

    Study result

    Cold-induced numbness, impaired dexterity, and reduced coordination can increase the risk of slips, unsafe exit, and accidental submersion.

    Open Ice Bath / Cold Plunge
    →
  4. PracticesIndoor RowingCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge2 other sources

    A pharmacology reference identifies poor technique, excessive training load, or abrupt increases in volume as causes of exercise-related injury; this effect was mentioned in 9 of 242 Reddit reports discussing it.

    Study result

    Poor technique, excessive training load, or abrupt increases in volume can cause exercise-related injury.

    Open Indoor Rowing
    →
  5. PracticesSocial DancingCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge2 other sources

    Vigorous steps, turns, unfamiliar movements, or unsuitable footwear can lead to musculoskeletal injuries or falls.

    Study result

    Dance can cause musculoskeletal injuries or falls, particularly with vigorous steps, turns, unfamiliar movements, or unsuitable footwear.

    Open Social Dancing
    →
  6. PracticesTabata TrainingCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge2 other sources

    High intensity and rapid transitions can cause acute musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in people unaccustomed to vigorous exercise or using poor technique.

    Study result

    The high intensity and rapid transitions can cause acute musculoskeletal injury, particularly when the participant is unaccustomed to vigorous exercise or uses poor technique.

    Open Tabata Training
    →
  7. PracticesLatin Dance FitnessCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge2 other sources

    Pharmacology references note that repeated impact and rapid turns can cause exercise-related musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in the lower limbs. Some people have also reported this effect.

    Study result

    Repeated impact and rapid turns can cause exercise-related musculoskeletal injuries, particularly involving the lower limbs.

    Open Latin Dance Fitness
    →
  8. PracticesAcupunctureCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    A pharmacology reference notes that deep needling in the chest or upper back can rarely injure underlying structures, including causing pneumothorax.

    Study result

    Rarely, deep needling in the chest or upper back can injure underlying structures, including causing pneumothorax.

    Open Acupuncture
    →
  9. PracticesBlack SalveCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    A pharmacology reference warns that uncontrolled tissue destruction can cause permanent scarring, disfigurement, and functional impairment.

    Study result

    High risk of permanent scarring, disfigurement, and functional impairment due to uncontrolled tissue destruction

    Open Black Salve
    →
  10. PracticesCoffee EnemaCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    Insertion, excessive pressure, or overly hot liquid can cause mucosal tears or burns, and rarely perforation.

    Study result

    Insertion, excessive pressure, or overly hot liquid can cause mucosal tears, burns, or rarely perforation.

    Open Coffee Enema
    →
  11. PracticesCupping TherapyCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    A pharmacology reference notes that fire cupping can cause burns, wet cupping can cause skin infections, and either method can leave scars.

    Study result

    Fire cupping can cause burns; wet cupping can cause skin infections, and either method can leave scars.

    Open Cupping Therapy
    →
  12. PracticesEar CandlingCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    Reported hazards include burns to the outer ear, face, scalp, or hair; fire-related injury; eardrum trauma; and ear-canal blockage from melted wax.

    Study result

    Documented hazards include burns to the external ear, face, scalp, or hair, fire-related injury, tympanic-membrane trauma, and blockage of the ear canal by melted candle wax.

    Open Ear Candling
    →
  13. PracticesForest Bathing (Shinrin-yoku)CertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    Walking on uneven or slippery forest terrain can lead to trips and falls; the risk depends on the terrain and a person’s mobility.

    Study result

    Uneven or slippery forest terrain can lead to trips and falls, particularly during walking; risk depends on terrain and mobility.

    Open Forest Bathing (Shinrin-yoku)
    →
  14. PracticesGardening TherapyCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    Gardening tools, thorns, and other sharp materials can cause minor cuts or puncture injuries.

    Study result

    Gardening can cause minor cuts or puncture injuries from tools, thorns, and other sharp materials.

    Open Gardening Therapy
    →
  15. PracticesGrounding / EarthingCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    Barefoot contact with outdoor surfaces can cause cuts, punctures, or burns, with greater risk when protective foot sensation is reduced.

    Study result

    Barefoot contact with outdoor surfaces can cause cuts, punctures, or burns; the risk is greater when protective foot sensation is reduced.

    Open Grounding / Earthing
    →
  16. PracticesHeating Pads / Warm CompressesCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    Prolonged or excessively hot application can cause thermal skin burns, particularly during sleep or when sensation is impaired.

    →
  17. PracticesTongue ScrapingCertaintyLowSourceReference knowledge1 other source

    Excessive pressure or repeated scraping can irritate or abrade the tongue and may cause minor bleeding.

    →
  18. PracticesTai ChiCertaintyLowSourceReview3 other sources

    A 2022 review described a fall resulting in a bone fracture in a clinical-condition context; this finding does not establish how often such injuries occur.

    Who was studied

    • People with a condition

    Study result

    Fall with bone fracture

    Open Tai Chi
    →
  19. PracticesHatha YogaCertaintyLowSourceReview2 other sources

    A 2024 review described strains and sprains in the context of people with cancer.

    Who was studied

    • People with a condition
    • Cancer

    Study result

    Strains and sprains

    Open Hatha Yoga
    →
  20. PracticesMassageCertaintyLowSourceReview2 other sources

    A review described safety concerns during massage sessions in a clinical-condition context.

    Who was studied

    • People with a condition

    Study result

    Safety concerns during massage session

    Open Massage
    →
  21. PracticesThai MassageCertaintyLowSourceReview2 other sources

    A 2015 review listed acute myocardial infarction resulting in death as an injury risk.

    Study result

    Acute myocardial infarction (death)

    Open Thai Massage
    →
  22. PracticesSwimmingCertaintyLowSourceReview1 other source

    A review noted an increased risk of lumbar and cervical disc degeneration.

    Study result

    Increased risk of lumbar and cervical disc degeneration

    Open Swimming
    →
  23. SupplementsChagaCertaintyLowSourceAnimal research1 other source

    TUNEL 43.7 ± 3.5 vs 8.4 ± 1.6 mm2/10^4 (control); Bcl-2 25.6% vs 48.6% (control)

    Dose & course

    16 weeks

    Open Chaga
    →
  24. PracticesVinyasa YogaCertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal2 other sources

    Musculoskeletal injuries, most commonly to wrist, shoulder, low back and knee, occur with yoga; the faster pace and repeated weight-bearing of vinyasa flow adds overuse risk.

    →
  25. PracticesHot YogaCertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal1 other source

    This effect was mentioned in 18 of 312 Reddit reports discussing it.

    →
  26. PracticesCardioCertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal1 other source

    This effect was mentioned in 5 of 257 Reddit reports discussing it.

    →
  27. PracticesFastingCertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal1 other source

    This effect was mentioned in 2 of 425 Reddit reports discussing it.

    →
  28. PracticesHigh-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)CertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal1 other source

    This effect was mentioned in 4 of 187 Reddit reports discussing it.

    →
  29. PracticesJump Rope TrainingCertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal1 other source

    This effect was mentioned in 6 of 242 community reports discussing it (Reddit 4, YouTube 2).

    →
  30. PracticesMobility TrainingCertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal1 other source

    This effect was mentioned in 15 of 276 Reddit reports discussing it.

    →
  31. PracticesQigongCertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal1 other source

    This effect was mentioned in 3 of 250 Reddit reports discussing it.

    →
  32. PracticesFoam RollingCertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal1 other source

    This effect was mentioned in 5 of 222 Reddit reports discussing it.

    →
  33. PracticesSwedish (Classic) MassageCertaintyLowSourceAnecdotal1 other source

    This effect was mentioned in 11 of 241 Reddit reports discussing it.

    →
How to read the evidence

Evidence tier — overall strength of the evidence for the whole compound

  • StrongWell established — backed by strong, consistent human research.
  • ModerateSome genuine support, but mostly from small or lower-quality studies. Promising, not proven.
  • PreliminaryEarly-stage evidence — a promising hypothesis, not an established effect yet.
  • LimitedVery limited evidence — treat this as a hypothesis, not proof.
  • InsufficientNot enough good evidence to draw conclusions yet.

Certainty — how sure we can be that the effect is real

  • Very highVery sure — strong, consistent evidence
  • HighFairly sure — consistent evidence from good studies
  • MediumModerately sure — new studies could change this
  • LowNot sure — little or mixed evidence
  • Very lowVery unsure — almost no usable evidence

Source — where the data comes from

  • Meta-analysisPooled analysis of many trials — the strongest evidence
  • RCTRandomized controlled trial — a strong human study design
  • ClinicalA human clinical study
  • Reference knowledgeFrom general health-science or pharmacology references, not a study of this exact claim
  • Animal researchStudied in animals, not humans
  • Community reportsAggregated user reports — anecdotal signal, not evidence
  • TheoreticalMechanism-based reasoning, not yet tested

Study grade — quality of each underlying study (A best, D weakest)

  • AHigh-quality — strong, consistent human trials
  • BGood — solid evidence with some limitations
  • CModerate — limited, small, or mixed-quality studies
  • DWeak — preliminary, indirect, or animal-only

Confidence — how strongly the sources back a finding

A 0–100 score from study quality and agreement

Most supplement evidence is graded C–D. Read it as preliminary signal, not proof.

Full write-up

What is it

Injury Risk Increase is an adverse health effect describing a greater likelihood of injury or an accident. It is a risk outcome, not confirmation that an injury has occurred. Depending on the context, it may involve musculoskeletal injury, slips, unsafe exits, or accidental submersion. Factors such as impaired coordination, excessive range of motion, or forceful movement can contribute.

How interventions help

Injury risk can rise through several distinct pathways. Some interventions create a direct physical hazard: cold exposure can cause numbness, impaired dexterity, and reduced coordination, increasing the chance of slipping, an unsafe exit, or accidental submersion. Coffee Enema can injure tissue through insertion, excessive pressure, or overly hot liquid, while Sodium Bicarbonate can rarely cause severe gastric distension or rupture when large doses are taken, especially after a large meal. Black Salve differs because its risk comes from uncontrolled tissue destruction, which can result in permanent scarring, disfigurement, and functional impairment.

Movement-based practices are more dependent on how they are performed. Yoga-related injuries are associated with poor alignment, excessive range of motion, forceful end-range stretching, repetitive practice, rapid transitions, advanced poses, falls, or inadequate supervision. These factors can produce sprains, strains, joint injuries, or aggravation of existing musculoskeletal problems. Tai Chi is linked with a fall involving bone fracture in people studied with a clinical condition, so its relevance may not extend equally to every population.

Other findings involve broader or less direct associations. Cigarette Smoking is associated with a higher injury hazard among current smokers, while the finding for former smokers was much closer to that of never smokers. Creatine has been linked with an overuse shoulder injury, and isolated findings include lower-limb injury with Beetroot Extract, falls-related injuries with Vitamin K2, and increased removals due to morbidity and mortality in a Tryptophan treatment. Cycling and some supplement-related findings are based on limited or incompletely characterized reports, so they do not establish the same kind of relationship as a clearly described physical mechanism.

Choosing guidance

The options are not directly comparable: some involve repeated movement, some involve a brief physical exposure or procedure, and others involve ingestion or smoking. The relevant concern may therefore depend more on how the option is used than on the name alone. For movement practices, supervision, alignment, force, range of motion, and prolonged or repetitive loading are recurring factors. Cold exposure raises a different practical issue because numbness and reduced coordination can affect safe movement and exit. Procedural options can cause injury through heat, pressure, insertion, or uncontrolled tissue damage.

There is no consistent dose-and-duration basis for ranking these options. A few findings describe timing: large doses of Sodium Bicarbonate, especially after a large meal, can rapidly generate carbon dioxide, while several physical or procedural hazards are described as arising during use. Many other findings do not report how much exposure was needed, how long use continued, or how quickly the outcome appeared, so apparent differences should not be treated as a precise comparison of risk.

The evidence also comes from different settings. Some entries have clinical evidence, whereas others rely on pharmacology references, anecdotal reports, or theoretical reasoning. The health status of the people studied is often not specified, and the findings do not establish that all options were tested in comparable human populations. Someone comparing these choices should therefore match the evidence type to the decision: supervised movement options require attention to technique and existing physical limitations, while ingestion, smoking, cold exposure, and procedures require attention to their distinct exposure conditions. The information is not sufficient to identify one universally suitable option.

Diatelos provides general wellness information based on published research. It is not medical advice. Talk to a clinician before starting any new supplement or practice, especially if you have a health condition, are pregnant, or take medication.